出口控制

美国出口管制合规政策

的 十大玩彩信誉平台 (USA) will comply with all applicable 出口 controls 由联邦法规规定. 限制外国国民的出口管制 participation in university 研究 within the United States generally do not apply 对…的行为或结果 基础研究.  Such practices, as defined and stipulated, include openly conducted basic and applied 研究 in science and engineering that is not subject 到一个ccess, dissemination, 或者任何形式的参与限制.  大学出口管制政策 

什么是出口管制?

出口管制法是美国的法律.S. 监管转移或“出口”的联邦法律 被认为对美国具有重要战略意义.S. 为了国家安全， 经济和/或外交政策问题. An 出口 is defined very broadly to include an oral or written disclosure of information, visual 检验，或实际装运到美国境外.S. 技术、软件/代码或设备 到一个 外国国家 或实体.  Transfer of any of the above to 外国国家s or entities within the 美国被定义为一个 认为出口. 

In general, the 出口 control regulations cover four main types of University activities:

1. transfers of controlled information, including technical data, to persons and entities 在美国境外;
2. shipment of controlled physical items, such as scientific equipment, that require 出口许可证s from the United States 到一个 外国 country;
3. verbal, written, electronic, or visual disclosures of controlled scientific and technical information related to 出口 控制项目s to 外国国家s (“认为出口s”), even when it occurs within the United States; and
4.  travel to certain sanctioned or embargoed countries for purposes of teaching or performing 研究. 

Non-compliance with 出口 controls can result in severe monetary and criminal penalties against both an individual as well as the university, and can result in the loss of 研究 contracts, governmental funding, and the ability to 出口 items. 额外的 information regarding penalties see the following: 出口控制s and Universities case studies [COGR 出口控制s and Universities with case studies.[pdf]，和Reece 出口管制案[罗斯.pdf]

Since the 1940s, 出口 controls set forth in federal regulations have been administered by three main federal agencies (see below) to impose access, dissemination, and participation restrictions on the transfer (出口) and retransfer (re-出口) of controlled  information,  software, technology, and  出口 and re-出口 of tangible items.  这样的努力 made to prevent terrorism, curtail 出口 of technologies that assist the military potential of adversaries, comply with trade agreements, and prevent development of 核武器、化学武器和生物武器.

受限制化学品和生物制剂清单

• 化学物质
• 生物制剂

管理出口管制的监管机构

出口管理条例 (EAR). 本规定由国务院实施 工业和安全局 (国际清算银行)在商务部内.  出口管制条例规管下列物品的出口 两用 goods and services (goods and services having both military and civilian uses) that 在 商业管制清单 (CCL)分部. 的se are items that are not inherently military in nature; they are primarily commercial 具有潜在军事用途的物品. 商务部必须发布一份 出口许可证, or provide an exception to or exclusion from license requirements before any >控制项目, software, or information on the CCL may be 出口ed or re-出口ed. 

《十大信誉彩票平台》 (ITAR). 这些规定由国务院执行 国防贸易管制局 (DDTC). 的se regulations apply 到一个rticles, services, and related technical data that are inherently military in nature, as determined by the State Department.  的 管制物品，包括国防用品， 防御服务, 并将相关技术资料列在 U.S. 弹药列表 (USML). Some articles and technologies that are not readily identifiable as inherently military in nature—for example, 研究 satellites or small, 研究 submersibles—are also 包含在USML中. If the item in question is on the US 弹药列表 (USML), the US State Department must issue or provide for an exception to or exclusion from 许可要求. 

财政部外国资产控制办公室 (受). This government agency implements  economic and trade sanctions and, based 在你.S. 外国 policy and national security goals, targets 外国 countries, terrorists, international narcotics traffickers, and those engaged in activities related to the 大规模杀伤性武器的扩散.  大学通常会遇到 issues arising under the 外国资产控制办公室 regulations when 研究ers engage in collaborations with 外国国家s both here and overseas or seek to teach classes or perform 国外研究. 向受制裁国家发送受管制物品或信息 县或个人的定义 外国资产控制办公室 (受)一般禁止以任何形式.